Wednesday, February 25, 2009

NASA Announces 2009 Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellows

Wednesday, February 25, 2009
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WASHINGTON -- NASA has selected fellows in three areas of astronomy and astrophysics for its Einstein, Hubble, and Sagan Fellowships. The recipients of this year's post-doctoral fellowships will conduct independent research at institutions around the country.

"The new fellows are among the best and brightest young astronomers in the world," said Jon Morse, director of the Astrophysics Division in NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. "They already have contributed significantly to studies of how the universe works, the origin of our cosmos and whether we are alone in the cosmos. The fellowships will serve as a springboard for scientific leadership in the years to come, and as an inspiration for the next generation of students and early career researchers."

Each fellowship provides support to the awardees for three years. The fellows may pursue their research at any host university or research center of their choosing in the United States. The new fellows will begin their programs in the fall of 2009.

"I cannot tell you how much I am looking forward to spending the next few years conducting research in the U.S., thanks to the fellowships," said Karin Oberg, a graduate student in Leiden, The Netherlands. Oberg will study the evolution of water and ices during star formation when she starts her fellowship at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass.

A diverse group of 32 young scientists will work on a wide variety of projects, such as understanding supernova hydrodynamics, radio transients, neutron stars, galaxy clusters and the intercluster medium, supermassive black holes, their mergers and the associated gravitational waves, dark energy, dark matter and the reionization process. Other research topics include searching for transits among hot Neptunes and super-Earths, microlensing planets through modeling algorithms, conducting high-contrast imaging surveys to detect planetary-mass companions, interferometrically imaging of the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, and modeling of super-Earth planetary atmospheres.

The 10 fellows in the Einstein program conduct research broadly related to the mission of NASA's Physics of the Cosmos Program. Its science goals include understanding the origin and destiny of the universe, the nature of gravity, phenomena near black holes, and extreme states of matter. The Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridge, Mass., administers the Einstein Fellowships for NASA.

The 17 awardees of the Hubble Fellowship pursue research associated with NASA's Cosmic Origins Program. The missions in this program examine the origins of galaxies, stars, and planetary systems, and the evolution of these structures with cosmic time. The Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., administers the Hubble Fellowships for NASA.

The Sagan Fellowship, created in September 2008, supports five scientists whose research is aligned with NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program. The primary goal of this program is to discover and characterize planetary systems and Earth-like planets around other stars. The NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, which is operated at the California Institute of Technology in coordination with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., administers the Sagan Fellowship Program.

A full list of the 2009 fellows and other information about these programs is available at:

http://cxc.harvard.edu/fellows

http://www.stsci.edu/institute/org/spd/hubble-fellowship/

http://nexsci.caltech.edu/sagan/fellowship.shtml


For more information about NASA's Astrophysics Division, visit:

http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics


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Tuesday, February 17, 2009

NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory on a Taurus XL Ready for Launch

Tuesday, February 17, 2009
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VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. -- The launch of NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory, or OCO, aboard a Taurus XL rocket is scheduled for Feb. 24. Liftoff from Space Launch Complex 576-E at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., is set for 1:51:30 a.m. PST during a 4-and-a-half-minute launch window. The spacecraft's final polar orbit will be 438 miles.

OCO is NASA's first spacecraft dedicated to studying atmospheric carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the leading human-produced greenhouse gas driving changes in Earth's climate. OCO will provide the first complete picture of human and natural carbon dioxide sources as well as their "sinks," the places where carbon dioxide is pulled out of the atmosphere and stored. It will map the global geographic distribution of these sources and sinks and study their changes over time. The new observatory will dramatically improve global carbon dioxide data, collecting about eight million precise measurements every 16 days for at least two years.

ACCREDITATION

News media desiring accreditation for the launch of OCO should fax their request on news organization letterhead to:

Lt. Justin Jessop
30th Space Wing Public Affairs Office
Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif.

FAX: 805-606-8303
Telephone: 805-606-3595
E-mail: justin.jessop@vandenberg.af.mil

Information required for U.S. media is full legal name, date of birth and media affiliation.

PRELAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE

Monday, Feb. 23: A prelaunch news conference will be held at 9 a.m. PST in the 2nd floor conference room of the NASA Vandenberg Resident Office, Building 840, at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Question-and-answer capability will be available from participating NASA locations. The news conference briefers will be:

Eric Ianson, OCO Program Executive
NASA Headquarters

Chuck Dovale, NASA Launch Director
Kennedy Space Center

John Brunschwyler, Taurus Program Manager
Orbital Sciences Corporation

Ralph Basilio, OCO Deputy Project Manager
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

Capt. Damon Vorhees, Launch Weather Officer, 30th Weather Squadron
Vandenberg Air Force Base

OCO MISSON SCIENCE BRIEFING

Immediately following the OCO Prelaunch News Conference will be an OCO Mission Science Briefing. Participating will be:

David Crisp, OCO Principal Investigator
JPL

Charles Miller, OCO Deputy Principal Investigator
JPL

Media desiring to cover the prelaunch news conference should meet at the south gate of Vandenberg Air Force Base on California State Road 246 at 8:30 a.m. on Monday, Feb. 23. They will be escorted by 30th Space Wing Public Affairs to the NASA Vandenberg Resident Office.

TAURUS XL PHOTO OPPORTUNITY

Monday, Feb. 23: Immediately following the prelaunch press conference, there will be an opportunity for the media to see and photograph the Orbital Sciences Taurus XL at the launch pad with OCO encapsulated in the payload fairing atop the rocket. Media will be escorted from the press conference to the launch pad. Photographers not desiring to attend the press conference should meet at the pass and identification building at the Vandenberg main gate on California State Road 1 at 10:30 a.m. to be escorted to the launch pad.

REMOTE CAMERAS

Monday, Feb. 23: Media desiring to establish sound-activated remote cameras at the launch pad should meet at the pass and identification building located at the Vandenberg main gate on California State Road 1 at 10:30 a.m. to be escorted to the launch pad.

LAUNCH DAY PRESS COVERAGE

Tuesday, Feb. 24: Media covering the OCO/Taurus XL launch should meet at 1 a.m. at the Vandenberg main gate located on California State Road 1 to be escorted to the press viewing site. Press credentials and identification from a bona fide news organization will be required for access. Driver's license alone will not be sufficient.

After launch, media will be escorted back to the gate or escorted to the NASA Mission Director's Center for quotes from launch management officials if desired.

NASA TELEVISION COVERAGE

The prelaunch press conference and coverage of the launch will be carried live on NASA Television on the NASA TV "Public Channel" (Channel 101). For information on receiving NASA TV go to:

http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/digital.html


NASA Television will carry the prelaunch news conference starting at 9 a.m. PST/Noon EST on Monday, Feb. 23. The prelaunch press conference will also be webcast at:

http://www.nasa.gov/ntv


On launch day, Feb. 24, NASA TV coverage of the countdown will begin at 12 a.m. PST/3 a.m. EST. Liftoff is targeted to occur at 1:51:30 a.m. PST. Spacecraft separation from the Taurus occurs 13 minutes 19 seconds after launch.

VOICE CIRCUIT COVERAGE

To monitor audio of the prelaunch news conference and the launch coverage, dial the NASA "V" circuits, which may be accessed directly at 321-867-1220, -1240 and -1260. This system is not two-way interactive. "Mission Audio" of countdown activities without NASA launch commentary will be carried on 321-867-7135 beginning at midnight.

WEB COVERAGE

Launch coverage of OCO/Taurus XL countdown activities will be available on the NASA Web site by going to the home page at:



http://www.nasa.gov
Live countdown coverage on NASA's launch blog begins at midnight PST. Coverage features real-time updates of countdown milestones, as well as streaming video clips highlighting launch preparations and liftoff.

To access these features, go to NASA's OCO mission Web site at:



http://www.nasa.gov/oco/


NASA OCO/TAURUS XL NEWS CENTER

The OCO/Taurus News Center at the NASA Vandenberg Resident Office currently is open and may be reached at 805-605-3051. A recorded status report is also available by dialing 805-734-2693. -end- NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., operates the Deep Space Network. For information about the Deep Space Network, go to:

http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/dsn/index.html

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Thursday, February 12, 2009

Eyes in the Sky

Thursday, February 12, 2009
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Eyes in the Sky




Collection:
NASA Spitzer Space Telescope Collection

Title:
Eyes in the Sky

Description:
These shape-shifting galaxies have taken on the form of a giant mask. The icy blue eyes are actually the cores of two merging galaxies, called NGC 2207 and IC 2163, and the mask is their spiral arms. The false-colored image consists of infrared data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope (red) and visible data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (blue/green). NGC 2207 and IC 2163 met and began a sort of gravitational tango about 40 million years ago. The two galaxies are tugging at each other, stimulating new stars to form. Eventually, this cosmic ball will come to an end, when the galaxies meld into one. The dancing duo is located 140 million light-years away in the Canis Major constellation. The infrared data from Spitzer highlight the galaxies' dusty regions, while the visible data from Hubble indicates starlight. In the Hubble-only image (not pictured here), the dusty regions appear as dark lanes. The Hubble data correspond to light with wavelengths of .44 and .55 microns (blue and green, respectively). The Spitzer data represent light of 8 microns.

Release Date:
2006/04/26

Press Release:
Galaxies Don Mask of Stars in New Spitzer Image

Release Credit:
NASA, ESA/JPL-Caltech/STSc I/D. Elmegreen (Vassar)

Image Credit:
NASA, ESA/JPL-Caltech/STSc I/D. Elmegreen (Vassar)

Object name:
NGC2207

Object name:
IC2163

Object type:
galaxy, galaxies

Position (J2000):
*RA: *06h16m25.00s *Dec: *-21d22m26.30s

Distance:
140 million light-years

Constellation:
Canis Major

Wavelength:
5.8?8.0 microns (red)

Wavelength:
0.44 microns (blue); 0.55 microns (green)

Image scale:
4.8 x 2.5 arcmin

Instrument:
IRAC

Instrument:
Hubble Space Telescope

Orientation:
N is 167 deg CCW from up

original url:
http://sscws1.ipac.caltech.edu/Imagegallery/image.php?image_name=ssc2006-11b

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Multiwavelength M81

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Multiwavelength M81






Collection:
NASA Spitzer Space Telescope Collection

Title:
Multiwavelength M81

Description:
This beautiful galaxy is tilted at an oblique angle on to our line of sight, giving a "birds-eye view" of the spiral structure. The galaxy is similar to our Milky Way, but our favorable view provides a better picture of the typical architecture of spiral galaxies. M81 may be undergoing a surge of star formation along the spiral arms due to a close encounter it may have had with its nearby spiral galaxy NGC 3077 and a nearby starburst galaxy (M82) about 300 million years ago. M81 is one of the brightest galaxies that can be seen from the Earth. It is high in the northern sky in the circumpolar constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear. At an apparent magnitude of 6.8 it is just at the limit of naked-eye visibility. The galaxy's angular size is about the same as that of the Full Moon. This image combines data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) missions. The GALEX ultraviolet data were from the far-UV portion of the spectrum (135 to 175 nanometers). The Spitzer infrared data were taken with the IRAC 4 detector (8 microns). The Hubble data were taken at the blue portion of the spectrum.

Release Date:
2007/05/30

Image Credit:
NASA/JPL-Caltech/S. Willner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)

Image Credit:
Hubble data: NASA, ESA, and A. Zezas (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics); GALEX data: NASA, JPL-Caltech, GALEX Team, J. Huchra et al. (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)

Object name:
M81

Object name:
NGC 3031

Object name:
Bode's Galaxy

Object type:
Spiral Galaxy

Position (J2000):
*RA: *09h55m33.00s *Dec: *69d03m55.00s

Distance:
11.6 million light-years (3.6 megaparsecs)

Constellation:
Ursa Major

Wavelength:
8 Microns

Wavelength:
135 to 175 nanometers; Hubble filter F435W (Blue)

Image scale:
This image is roughy 19 arcminutes (64,000 light-years or roughly 20 kiloparsecs) tall

Instrument:
IRAC

Instrument:
GALEX Far-UV, Hubble ACS/WFC

Exposure Date:
November 6, 2003

Exposure Time:
50 seconds per position

Orientation:
North is rotated 90 degrees clockwise from the vertical

original url:
http://sscws1.ipac.caltech.edu/Imagegallery/image.php?image_name=sig07-009

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Tuesday, February 10, 2009

NASA's Great Observatories Celebrate the International Year of Astronomy

Tuesday, February 10, 2009
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NASA's Great Observatories Celebrate the International Year of Astronomy

In 1609, Galileo improved the newly invented telescope, turned it toward the heavens, and revolutionized our view of the universe. In celebration of the 400th anniversary of this milestone, 2009 has been designated as the International Year of Astronomy.

Today, NASA's Great Observatories are continuing Galileo's legacy with stunning images and breakthrough science from the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory.

While Galileo observed the sky using visible light seen by the human eye, technology now allows us to observe in many wavelengths, including Spitzer's infrared view and Chandra's view in X-rays. Each wavelength region shows different aspects of celestial objects and often reveals new objects that could not otherwise be studied.

This image of the spiral galaxy Messier 101 is a composite of views from Spitzer, Hubble, and Chandra.

The red color shows Spitzer's view in infrared light. It highlights the heat emitted by dust lanes in the galaxy where stars can form.

The yellow color is Hubble's view in visible light. Most of this light comes from stars, and they trace the same spiral structure as the dust lanes.

The blue color shows Chandra's view in X-ray light. Sources of X-rays include million-degree gas, exploded stars, and material colliding around black holes.

Such composite images allow astronomers to see how features seen in one wavelength match up with those seen in another wavelength. It's like seeing with a camera, night vision goggles, and X-ray vision all at once.

In the four centuries since Galileo, astronomy has changed dramatically. Yet our curiosity and quest for knowledge remain the same. So, too, does our wonder at the splendor of the universe.

The International Year of Astronomy Great Observatories Image Unveiling is supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate Astrophysics Division. The project is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute, the Spitzer Science Center, and the Chandra X-ray Center.


About the Object (1)
Object name:M101, Pinwheel Galaxy
Object type:Galaxy
About the Data
Spitzer Data
Image Credit:NASA, ESA, CXC, JPL, Caltech and STScI
Release Date:2009/02/10

Additional Info
Press Release: NASA's Great Observatories Celebrate International Year of Astronomy

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Spiral Galaxy M101 - NASA's Great Observatories

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Spiral Galaxy M101 - NASA's Great Observatories


The galaxy Messier 101 is a swirling spiral of stars, gas, and dust. Messier 101 is nearly twice as wide as our Milky Way Galaxy.

Spitzer's view [left frame], taken in infrared light, reveals the galaxy's delicate dust lanes as yellow-green filaments. Such dense dust clouds are where new stars can form. In this image, dust warmed by the light of hot, young stars glows red. The rest of the galaxy's hundreds of billions of stars are less prominent and form a blue haze. Astronomers can use infrared light to examine the dust clouds where stars are born.

Messier 101 has a pancake-like shape that we view face-on. This perspective shows off the spiral structure that gives it the nickname the Pinwheel Galaxy. In this Hubble image [middle frame], taken in visible light, the bright blue clumps are regions where new stars have formed. The yellowish core consists mainly of old stars. The dark brown dust lanes are colder and denser regions where interstellar clouds may collapse to form new stars. All of these features are shaped into a beautiful spiral pattern by a combination of gravity and rotation. Astronomers use visible light to study where and how stars form in spiral galaxies.

Chandra's image of Messier 101 [right frame], taken in X-ray light, shows the high-energy features of this spiral galaxy. X-rays are generally created in violent and/or high-temperature events. The white dots are X-ray sources that include the remains of exploded stars as well as material colliding at extreme speeds around black holes. The pink and blue colors are emission from million-degree gas and from clusters of massive stars. The pink emission indicates lower-energy X-rays and the blue higher-energy X-rays. One reason astronomers study Messier 101's X-rays is to better understand how black holes grow in spiral galaxies.

The International Year of Astronomy Great Observatories Image Unveiling is supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate Astrophysics Division. The project is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute, the Spitzer Science Center, and the Chandra X-ray Center.


About the Object (1)
Object name:M101, Pinwheel Galaxy
Object type:Galaxy
About the Data
Spitzer Data
Image Credit:NASA, ESA, CXC, JPL, Caltech and STScI
Release Date:2009/02/10

Additional Info
Press Release: NASA's Great Observatories Celebrate the International Year of Astronomy

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NASA's Great Observatories Celebrate International Year of Astronomy

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WASHINGTON -- Galileo first turned his telescope to the heavens in 1609, marking the dawn of modern astronomy. To commemorate 400 years of exploring the universe, 2009 has been designated the International Year of Astronomy.

In conjunction with Galileo's birthday on Feb. 15, NASA is releasing images from its Great Observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, and Chandra X-ray Observatory -- to more than 100 planetariums, museums, nature centers and schools across the country.

The selected sites will unveil a large 9-square-foot print of the spiral galaxy Messier 101 that combines the optical view of Hubble, the infrared view of Spitzer, and the X-ray view of Chandra into one multi-wavelength picture. "It's like using your eyes, night vision goggles and X-ray vision all at the same time," said Dr. Hashima Hasan, lead scientist for the International Year of Astronomy at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

Participating institutions also will display a matched trio of Hubble, Spitzer and Chandra images of Messier 101. Each image shows a different wavelength view of the galaxy that illustrates not only the different science each observatory conducts but also how far astronomy has come since Galileo.

Messier 101 is a spiral galaxy about 22 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. It is larger than our own Milky Way galaxy but similar in many ways. Hubble's visible light view shows off the swirls of bright stars and glowing gas that give Messier 101 its nickname "the Pinwheel Galaxy." In contrast, Spitzer's infrared-light image sees into the spiral arms and reveals the glow of dust lanes where dense clouds can collapse to form new stars. Chandra's X-ray uncovers the high-energy features in the galaxy, such as remnants of exploded stars or matter zooming around black holes. The juxtaposition of observations from these three telescopes provides an in-depth view of the galaxy for both astronomers and the public.

"The amazing scientific discoveries Galileo made four centuries ago are continued today by scientists using NASA's space observatories," said Denise Smith, the unveiling's project manager at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. "NASA's Great Observatories are distributing huge prints of spectacular images so the public can share in the exploration and wonder of the universe."

The unveilings will take place Feb. 14-28 at 76 museums and 40 schools and universities nationwide, reaching both big cities and small towns. Sites are planning celebrations involving the public, schools and local media.

The Astrophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate supports the International Year of Astronomy Great Observatories image unveiling. The project is a collaboration among the Space Telescope Science Institute, the Spitzer Science Center in Pasadena, Calif., and the Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridge, Mass.

A list of places exhibiting these images can be found at:

http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/events/iya/participants.php


Find out more about NASA's contributions to the International Year of Astronomy at:

http://astronomy2009.nasa.gov


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NASA Receives Shorty Twitter Award

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WASHINGTON -- NASA's activities in social networking media will be recognized Wednesday in New York, when the agency receives an award for its presence on the popular Web site Twitter.

Known as the Shorty Award, it was created to honor the best producers of short content on Twitter during 2008. Updates on NASA's Mars Phoenix Lander mission received the most votes in the science category from users of the site.

The Mars Phoenix Twitter delivered more than 600 updates during the 152 days the lander was operating in the north polar region of Mars. By the end of the lander's mission in early November, more than 38,000 people were following its reports, called "tweets." The account is still used to provide updates on the mission's science results and has more than 41,000 followers.

"We created the account, known as Mars Phoenix, last May with the goal of providing the public with near real-time updates on the mission," said Veronica McGregor, manager of the news office at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and originator of the updates. "The response was incredible. Very quickly it became a way not only to deliver news of the mission, but to interact with the public and respond to their questions about space exploration."

Twitter allows people to follow accounts of their choosing through the Web, or by having updates sent to their mobile phones. Users post short updates that are limited to 140 characters or less. The Shorty Awards were created by Sawhorse Media in New York and are supported by a grant from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation in Miami.

NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander ceased communications Nov. 2 after successfully returning unprecedented science data to Earth. Launched Aug. 4, 2007, Phoenix safely touched down on Mars on May 25, 2008, at a site farther north than where any previous spacecraft had landed. Phoenix's soft landing on Mars was the first in 32 years. Cameras on Phoenix sent more than 25,000 images back to Earth. Science instruments returned a treasure trove of data that continue to be analyzed.

To view NASA's Mars Phoenix Twitter site, visit:

http://twitter.com/marsphoenix


In addition to the Mars Phoenix site, NASA maintains another Twitter feed that includes updates on other agency programs at:

http://twitter.com/nasa


For a list of NASA missions providing updates on Twitter, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/collaborate


For more information on the Mars Phoenix mission, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov/phoenix


For more information about the Shorty Awards, and a complete listing of award winners, visit:

http://shortyawards.com


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Monday, February 2, 2009

NASA and Google Launch Virtual Exploration of Mars

Monday, February 2, 2009
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MOFFETT FIELD, Calif. -- NASA and Google announced Monday the release of a new Mars mode in Google Earth that brings to everyone's desktop a high-resolution, three-dimensional view of the Red Planet.

Besides providing a rich, immersive 3D view of Mars that will aid public understanding of Mars science, the new mode, Google Mars 3D, also gives researchers a platform for sharing data similar to what Google Earth provides for Earth scientists.

The mode enables users to fly virtually through enormous canyons and scale huge mountains on Mars that are much larger than any found on Earth. Users also can explore the Red Planet through the eyes of the Mars rovers and other Mars missions, providing a unique perspective of the entire planet.

Users can see some of the latest satellite imagery from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and other probes orbiting the Red Planet. Viewers can learn about new discoveries and explore indexes of available Mars imagery. The new Mars mode also allows users to add their own 3D content to the Mars map to share with the world.

Today's announcement is the latest benefit from a Space Act Agreement NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., signed with Google in November 2006. Under its terms, NASA and Google agreed to collaborate to make NASA's data sets available to the world.

NASA Ames, along with its partners at Google, Carnegie Mellon University, SETI, and other institutions, helped produce the data to make this possible.

Google's innovative search technologies connect millions of people around the world with information every day. Google is headquartered close to Ames in Silicon Valley with offices throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.

For more information about NASA and agency programs, visit:

http://www.nasa.gov


For more information about Google, visit:

http://www.google.com


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